Gowen
Research Foundation
Electronic
Newsletter
June
2001
Volume
4 No. 6
The
Ancestry of William Goyne
Of
Wilkes/Warren County, Georgia
By
Carroll
Heard Goyne, Jr.
and
Betty
Brantley Goyne
[25
April 2001]
WILLIAM
GOYNE [4], who made his Will in Warren Co., Georgia in 1816 is this writer's
earliest documented ancestor. The purpose of this paper is to determine the
ancestry of WILLIAM GOYNE [4] by documentation and, when that is lacking, by an
evaluation of available evidence. In this paper we have spelled the name as it
appears in a specific record. On other occasions we have used a generic
spelling of 'GOING.' The number in brackets following a name, e.g. [4],
identifies the generation of that person descending from the immigrant ancestor.
ORIGIN
OF THE NAME
The
GOYNE name is probably Iberian Celtic, having come to the British Isles from
the Iberian Peninsula at some early time. Indeed, that is the tradition of some
GOYNEs in England. Others hold that the name has its origins in the Cymric
[Welsh] language, a language similar to Iberian Celtic. The name means WHITE in
the original language, probably in reference to a person's complexion. The name
written in ancient Iberian Celtic Ogam has been found in a stone inscription.
When the 'sound' of the Ogam letter-forms is converted into Latin letters they
become: G-UI-N. (Book of Leinster, Irish Academy, Dublin) These letters further
evolved into G-W-N, or G-Y-N. When vowels are added, the name takes on a
variety of spellings. [The 'Rosetta Stone' of Celtic Ogam is contained in the
Book of Ballymote, housed in the library of the Irish Academy, Dublin.]
The
name WHITE in Cymric is spelled GWYN/GWYNE/ GWYNN/GWYNNE. (Charles Wareing
Bardsley, M.A., A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, Baltimore: Gen.
Pub. Co., 1980 (London: 1901)) The name is said to date to "high
antiquity" in Wales, probably dating to the Roman period. (Thomas
Nicholas,M.A., Ph. D, F.G.S., etc., Annals and Antiquities of The Counties and
County Families of Wales, Vol. 1, London: 1991 (1872, 1875))
Since W
and Y are semi-vowels in both Iberian Celtic and Cymric, one spelling is a
variant of the other. An example of semi-vowel to vowel transition may be seen
in the name Llwyd to Lloyd. This transition is documented in History of Wale,
by Caradoc of Llancarvan; translated into English by Dr. Powell. Caradoc lived
until the year ca. 1157. Dr. Powell added to Caradoc's original work, and
published it in the English language in 1584.
In
Stirlingshire, Scotland the westernmost peak of the Campsie Fells is named
DUMGOYNE [Fort Goyne] HILL. "As the name suggests, there was once an Iron
Age fort on the top." (Discover Scotland, The Sunday Mail, p. 678) The
Iron Age reached the British Isles about the time of Christ.
An
interesting document in Britain confirms the derivation of the GOYNE name.
After World War II, when Arthur William Tedder, GCB, Marshal of the Royal Air
Force, was knighted, he took the title "Tedder of Glen Guin; Guin is now
Goyne." (Provided by James N. Scott of Glasgow, Scotland.)
BRITAIN
The
GOYNE name appears in some of the oldest surviving parish records in England,
dating to the 14th century. While the name is found in various parts of the
British Isles, it is clustered in Cornwall from an early time. (Provided by
Robert Goyen of Victoria, Australia.)
12 Apr.
1397. JOHN GOWYN the elder, and JOHN GOYEN the younger of Fovent. Quit claim of
all lands etc in Westmerton and Wodehouse within the parish of Eblesborne Wake.
Margaret Jove late his wife. Dated West Merton 12 Apr 20 Richard II.
3 Oct
1422. To Alexander of de Ferentines of the fellowship of Albertini dwelling in
the City of London. Licence to make a letter of exchange for 5 marks payable in
foreign parts to Patrick Brown chaplain and 40s to WILLIAM GOYNE, provided he
send no gold or silver over sea in the lump nor money by colour of this command
(Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry IV 1422-1429, p. 447)
1429-36.
William, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, Humphrey, Earl of Stafford, also
Hugh Ardeswyk and Thomas Arblaster, Knight of the Shire for the County of
Stafford. Commissioners to receive the oath of the following: THOMAS GOYNE,
Esquire. (Calendar of Patient Rolls Henry VI 1429-1436, Stafford, p. 309)
17 Jan
1452. Letters of denization for JOHN GOYNE, born in parts of the land of Luque,
and the heirs of his body, and for RICHARD his son, a bastard, and his heirs.
By p.s. etc and for 4 marks paid in the hanaper. (Patent Rolls Henry VI
1452-61, Westminster)
[Luque
is located in southern Spain.]
3 April
1542. Surrey, THOMAS GOYNE. Child of JOHN & JONE.
7 Aug.
1597. WILLIAM GOYEN, Knight, buried.
1641.
PETER GOYNE, St. Kecerne. Declared non-Catholic.
Edna
Reynolds, of Kent, England, whose mother was a GOYNE of Morval, Cornwall, wrote
the following to this writer in 1996.
"My
mother always said that her family came from the Spanish smugglers and some
must have stayed having met girls they fancied. Certainly their colouring
suggests it could be right."
What a
surprise to learn that some present-day GOYNEs in Cornwall have olive skin.
MARYLAND/VIRGINIA
It
should be noted that there were no fewer than 30 men with a 'GOING-sounding'
surname who were immigrants to Maryland, South Carolina and Virginia prior to
1700. The earliest of record was WILLIAM GAYNE, who was recorded as follows.
20
Jan.-7 Feb. 1624/5, Muster Roles of Virginia.
Elizabeth
Cittie.
WILLIAM
GAYNE and Robert Newman, their Musters.
WILLIAM
GAYNE, age 36, in the Bona Nova, 1620.
(John
Camden Hotten, Muster Rolls of Settlers in Virginia, 1624. The Original Lists
of Persons of Quality, 1600-1700. Reprinted from 2nd Edition 1880, Baltimore:
Gen. Pub. Co., 1962)
The
first person for which there is the slightest bit of evidence for being the
progenitor of this line of 'GOINGs' is THOMAS [1] of Westmoreland/Stafford Co.,
Virginia. This possible connection is found in the following record.
3 Aug.
1719, Stafford Co., Evan Thomas & John Todd both of Stafford Co., 1215
acres in Stafford Co. on Four Mile Creek adjacent to Mr. Robert Alexander. Land
formerly surveyed for THOMAS, JOHN, WILLIAM & JAMES GOINS. Surveyed by Mr.
Thomas Hooper. Grant Book 5, p. 212. (Gertrude Entz Gray, Virginia Northern
Neck Land Grants, 1694-1742, Baltimore: Gen. Pub. Co., 1987, p. 69)
Four
Mile Creek enters the Potomac River just south of Ronald Reagan Airport
[Washington National Airport]. Robert Alexander was the grandson of John
Alexander, who originally patented his land in 1664. Robert Alexander's sons,
Gerard and John, were the first Alexanders to actually reside on the Four Mile
Creek property. John Alexander lived at Boyd's Hole in King George Co. [formed
from Richmond and Westmoreland Cos.in 1720], opposite Maryland Point.
Since
THOMAS 'GOING's [1] name appeared in Westmoreland and Stafford Co. records
several years before the other three, we have assumed that THOMAS [1] was the
father of the others. With the further assumption that THOMAS [1] was an
immigrant, we have looked for records that might identify him.
6 Aug.
1635. THOMAS GOING, age 18, was transported to Virginia in the Globe of London.
(Michael Tepper, ed., Passengers to America, Baltimore: Gen. Pub. Co., 1977)
17 July
1648, Isle of Wight Co., Mr. George Hardy, 500 acres. Lying on the east side of
Lawnes Creek, extending to the main river along land reputed THOMAS GAYNES,
along the great river to a creek dividing same from land of Alice Bennett.
(Nell Marion Nugent, Cavaliers & Pioneers, Abstracts of Va. Land Patents
& Grants, 1623-1666, p. 177)
1652.
THO. GAYNE transported by Micho George, Tho. Taberer and Humphry Clarke, ____
Co. (George Cabel Greer, Early Virginia Immigrants, 1623-1666, Baltimore: Gen.
Pub. Co., 1982)
7 Aug.
1657. Persons to be transported from London to Virginia by the Globe of London,
Mr.Jeremy Blackman, after examination by the Minister of Gravesend: THOMAS
GOWEN, 18. (Peter Wilson Coldham, The Complete Book of Emigrants, 1607-1660,
Baltimore: Gen. Pub. Co., 1988)
1671,
THOMAS GOING transported to Maryland. (Liber 16, Folio 135, in Gust Skordas,
ed., The Early Settlers of Maryland, Baltimore: Gen. Pub. Co., 1986 [1968])
Stafford
Co., Virginia was formed from Westmoreland Co. in 1664.
Following
is the earliest record of the THOMAS 'GOING' [1] who may be the progenitor of
this line.
7 Apr.
1693, Westmoreland Co. At Court: Abraham Smith vs. THOMAS GOEN. Defamation.
Withdrawn in person. (John Frederick Dorman, Westmoreland Co., Virginia Order
Book 1690-1698, Part 2, 1962, p. 34)
THOMAS
'GOING's [1] name appeared in the records of Westmoreland & Stafford Cos.
until 8 December 1708, when he was granted 653 acres of land on
"Potowmack" River in Stafford Co. The Warrant was dated 8 June 1707.
The land was located on Lower Spout Run near Ousley's land. (Book 3, p. 204 in
Gray, op cit, p. 39) There is no evidence that THOMAS actually lived on this
land.
The
above land is the same as that reported a bit differently in the following
record.
THOMAS
GOING patented 653 acres westerly from the mouth of Spout Run in 1703. (Book 3,
p. 204 in Bessie Wilmarth Gahn, Colonial Days, Rock Creek to the Falls, 1940)
Spout
Run enters the Potomac River west of today's Interstate 66, and opposite the
southwest corner of Georgetown University. "Ousley's land" refers to
a grant of 640 acres in 1696 to Thomas Ousley. This land is along the Potomac
River extending easterly from the mouth of Spout Run.
THOMAS
'GOING's [1] name appeared in Stafford Co., Virginia records after 1708, but we
have found no evidence to indicate that he was alive after that date.
As
previously noted, the 3 August 1719 deed suggests that THOMAS 'GOING' [1] had
three sons: JOHN [2], WILLIAM [2] and JAMES [2]. These presumed sons of THOMAS
[1] served in the Stafford Co. Militia, Company of Dragoons, in 1701/02. (Lloyd
DeWitt Bockstruck, Virginia's Colonial Soldiers, Baltimore: Gen. Pub. Co.,
1988) This record indicates that these sons of THOMAS [1] were born before
1685. This writer descends from WILLIAM [2].
23
November 1714 is the date of WILLIAM GOING's [2] first grant in Stafford Co.
This tract is on the "Main Run of Accotink Creek." (A. Evans Wynn,
Southern Lineages: Records of Thirteen Families, Brown Pub. Co., 1940, p. 320)
Other grants are listed as follows.
23 Nov.
1714, WILLIAM GOING [2] & Evan Thomas of Stafford Co. Warrant: 10 September
1713. Surveyed by Mr. Thomas Hooper, 124 acres on Jonathan's Creek of Occaquan
River in Stafford Co. adjacent road to Dogue Island Neck, Giles Travers, Giles
Tillett. Grant Book 5, p. 8. (Gertrude Entz Gray, Virginia Northern Neck Land
Grants 1694-1742, Baltimore: Gen. Pub. Co., 1987, p. 54)
28 Feb.
1719, WILLIAM GOING [2] of Stafford Co., 180 acres on main run of Accotink
Creek in Stafford Co. on Goins or Turkey Branch. Surveyed by Mr. Thomas Hooper.
Grant Book 5, p. 70. (Gray, op cit, p. 70)
Apparently,
WILLIAM 'GOING' [2] died in Stafford Co., Virginia between 12 November 1725 and
8 March 1726.
8 March
1726, Stafford Co. Lease of AMBROSE GOWING [3] to KATHRINE GOWING, widow.
George Mason, Joseph Haines, Brent Hudnall, wits."Proprietors of the
Northern Neck of Va. unto WILLIAM GOWING [2], father of the said AMBROSE GOWING
[3], by patent bearing date 12th Nov. 1725." Deed Book 1, recorded p. 358;
release p. 354. (A. Evans Wynn, Records of Thirteen Families, Brown Pub. Co.,
1940, p. 320)
AMBROSE
'GOING' [3] was the eldest son and heir of WILLIAM 'GOING' [2].
Prince
William Co., Virginia was formed from Stafford Co. in 1727.
On an
undetermined date between 8 March 1726 and 23 October 1738, CATHERINE 'GOING',
the widow of WILLIAM 'GOING' [2], married a Mr. Patterson.
On 23
October 1738, in Brunswick Co., Virginia, Thomas Stroud's Will was witnessed by
CORNELIUS KEITH [2], Mary (x) King, and CATHERINE (x) PATTERSON. (Will Book 2,
p. 1) Since JOHN [3] and MARY (Keith) 'GOING' had not yet moved to Brunswick
Co., this suggests that CATHERINE PATTERSON [widow of WILLIAM 'GOING' [2]] was
visiting with, and related to either CORNELIUS KEITH [2] or his wife ELIZABETH
JOHNSON.
CATHERINE
PATTERSON's will was dated 21 May 1739, in Pr. William Co., Virginia. CATHERINE
identified her children: son ALEXANDER GOING [3], daughter SUSANNAH GOING [3],
and son JOHN GOING [3], who was named Executor. (John Frederick Dorman, Prince
William Co., VA Will Book C, 1734-1744, Wash. DC, 1956. pp. 180-199.) This
indicates that JOHN [3] was age 21 or older, or born before 1718. Son AMBROSE
'GOING' [3] was not mentioned.
This
writer descends from JOHN 'GOING' [3].
On 23
July 1739, CATHERINE PATTERSON's Will was presented to the Pr. William Co.,
Virginia Court by JOHN GOING [3], sole executor. JOHN GOING [3] stated that
CATHERINE's husband was yet living. (Dorman, op cit)
JOHN
'GOING' [3] was married to MARY KEITH, daughter of CORNELIUS KEITH [1]. This
relationship is confirmed in Fairfax Co., Virginia Deed Book B, p. 32. (A.
Evans Wynn, Southern Lineages: Records of Thirteen Families, Brown Pub. Co.,
1940, p. 322)
**
KEITH
Excursus
This
excursus is presented to resolve a question concerning the spelling of the
KEITH name. Spelling the name with a T suggests Scottish ancestry, while
spelling it with an F suggests Irish ancestry. The spellings used herein were
taken from source documents.
William
Byrd [2] visited CORNELIUS KEITH [2] on 16 November 1728, on his return from
surveying the dividing line between North Carolina and Virginia. Evidently,
CORNELIUS [2] had recently arrived at this site, as his house did not have a
roof at the time of Byrd's visit. Byrd wrote that CORNELIUS KEITH [2] had a
wife and six small children. They lived on Major Robert Mumford's land near the
Roanoke River, in Brunswick Co., Virginia. Byrd and some of his party crossed
the Roanoke River by boat at a point about one mile below the Horse Ford of the
Trading Path. Thus, CORNELIUS [2] lived on the north side of the Roanoke River,
about one mile below the Trading Path, and a short distance above the North
Carolina line. In his History of the Dividing Line betwixt Virginia and North
Carolina Line, and in his The Secret History of the Dividing Line, William Byrd
[2] spelled the name KEITH. (William K. Boyd, William Byrd's Histories of the
Dividing Line, Raleigh, The North Carolina Historical Commission, 1929)
At a
later date, Robert Hicks Sr. gave CORNELIUS KEITH [2] 100 acres of land on the
north side of Roanoke River below the Horse Ford of the Trading Path.
(Brunswick Co., Virginia Deed Bk. 1, p. 125)
CORNELIUS
KEITH [2] operated a ferry across the Roanoke River from this location, which
was close to where he formerly lived on Major Mumford's land.
In May
1739, CORNELIUS KEITH [2] appeared before the Court of Brunswick Co., Virginia
and made oath that "…he had never made use of his Importation Right and
this is the first time, and that is now thirty years ago since his importation,
which is ordered to be certified." (Brunswick Co., Virginia Order Book 1,
p. 241)
In her
book Southern Lineages, A. Evans Wynn cited a document in Brunswick Co.,
Virginia that referred to CORNELIUS KEITH [2] as 'KEIFFE.' JACK GOINS, of
Rogersville, Tennessee, visited Brunswick Co. and viewed the document in
question. JACK informed this writer that the name on the document in question
is spelled "KEITH." Evidently, Mrs. Wynn's editor misread her
handwriting.
The
following is contained in The Roster of Texas Daughters Revolutionary
Ancestors, 1976, p. 1189:
"CORNELIUS
KEITH [3], born 1743 in Brunswick Co., Virginia; died 13 June 1820 in Pickens
Co., South Carolina. Married MARY LAFFOON in 1769 in Rockingham Co., NC, and
died in Pickens Co., South Carolina on 13 Feb. 1846."
The
above record connects the KEITHs buried in Oolenoy Baptist Church Cemetery [see
below] with the Brunswick Co., Virginia KEITHs.
Grave
markers in Oolenoy Baptist Church Cemetery in Pickens Co., South Carolina
appear to be those of CORNELIUS KEITH [2] and several members of his family. If
so, and considering the foregoing records, CORNELIUS KEITH [2] came to America
as a child. This would explain why he claimed Importation Rights in the
Brunswick Co., Virginia Court. His grave marker indicates that he married a
second time.
"CORNELIUS
KEITH [2], born 1715, Loch Lomond, Scotland, died 1808. Of Royal Lineage. Coat
of Arms 1715 to 1808, dating from 1010 AC. Original pioneer of Oolenoy
Settlement started about 1743. Married JUDA THOMPSON, reared 12 children: one
son was Col. CORNELIUS KEITH, Revolutionary War hero whose wife was MARY
LAFOONE."
In our
opinion, this stone was placed long after CORNELIUS KEITH [2] died, and
probably after his son CORNELIUS [3] died in 1820. Certainly, CORNELIUS [3]
knew his highest rank was sergeant, not colonel. [See below]
"CORNELIUS KEITH SR [3], born
1743, died Jun. 13, 1820"
[On 15
June 1778, CORNELIUS KEITH [3] enlisted in the 5th SC Regiment and became a
corporal on 28 Dec. 1778. He served as a sergeant under Capt. James Hogan, and
served 39 days in the militia during 1782. One source indicates he served in
the 4th SC Regiment. (Bobby Gilmer Moss, Roster of SC Patriots in the American
Revolution, 1983, p. 521)]
"MARY
KEITH w/o CORNELIUS KEITH SR [3], born 1749, died Feb. 13, 1846"
**
Returning
to JOHN [3], son of WILLIAM 'GOING' [2] of Stafford Co., Virginia, we find the
following records of interest.
Fairfax
Co., Virginia was formed from Prince William and Loudoun Cos. in 1742.
Two
deeds mark the departure of JOHN [3] and MARY (Keith) 'GOING' from Fairfax Co.,
Virginia. Both deeds are recorded in Fairfax Co. Deed Book B.
9 June
1746, JOHN GOING [3] and MARY, his wife, of Truro Parish, Fairfax Co., to
Edward Kirkland, 268 acres on north side Occoquan Run, granted Richard
Kirkland, deceased, and CORNELIUS KEIF [1], father of the said GOING's wife.
etc. JOHN (F) GOING and MARY (W) GOING signed this deed.
14 July
1746, JOHN (F) GOING [3] of Truro Parish, planter, sells to Bond Veale, 144
acres granted JOHN GOING [3] from the Proprietor's office. Recorded Jul. 15,
1746. William Grove, George Dunson, John Duren, witnesses. MARY, the wife of
JOHN GOING [3], relinquishes dower.
JOHN
'GOING's [3] mark is usually printed as a F. JACK GOINS, who has seen JOHN's
mark on original documents in Brunswick Co., Virginia, stated that, in his
opinion, JOHN's mark is a J superimposed on a G.
Lunenburg
Co., Virginia was formed from Brunswick Co. on 1 May 1745.
In June
1747, the Lunenburg Co., Virginia Court designated Lewis Deloney to take the
list of tithables in the precinct "from Allen's Creek to the extent of the
County downward." Allen's Creek flows south through the approximate center
of present Mecklenburg Co. JOHN 'GOING's [3] land was on the Great Branch of
Allen's Creek near its confluence with Layton's Creek. This is in the
approximate center of present Mecklenburg Co.
Under
Act 22, George II, Oct. 1748, a tithable person was defined as: "All male
persons of the age of 16 years & upwards, and all Negroes, mulatto &
Indian women of the same age, except Indians tributary to this government and
all wives of free Negroes, mulattoes, and Indians, except as before
excepted."
In
1748, JOHN GOING [3] first appeared on Lewis Deloney's tithe list in Lunenburg
Co., Virginia, with two tithes. This indicates that JOHN [3] had a son age 16
or older. That son was WILLIAM [4], who was born in 1732, or earlier. This
writer descends from WILLIAM [4].
In
1749, William Howard replaced Lewis Deloney as tithe taker. JOHN GOING [3] was
again listed with two tithes, indicating WILLIAM [4] still resided with his
parents.
The May
1751 Court of Lunenburg Co., Virginia appointed Field Jefferson tithe taker in
the place of William Howard, who had died. On Jefferson's 1751 tithe list, JOHN
GOING [3] was charged with one tithe, while on the same page, a WILLIAM BOING
[sic] [4] was charged with one tithe. This indicates that WILLIAM [4] had
probably married, and established his own home.
On a
different page of Jefferson's 1751 list, WILLIAM BOING [sic], with JESSE
BOING's [sic] name indented below, was charged with two tithes. Thus, there
were at least two WILLIAM 'GOING's living in Field Jefferson's District of
Lunenburg Co., Virginia in 1751.
Also in
1751, in Richard Witton's District a JOHN GOING, with THOS. GOING's name
indented below was charged with three tithes. Thus, there were at least two
JOHN GOING's living in Lunenburg Co., Virginia in 1751.
In
1752, JOHN GOING [3] of Jefferson's District was charged with two tithes. This
indicates that JOHN's [3] second son had reached the age of 16. This son was
JOHN JR [4], who was born about 1736.
The
following records show JOHN [3] and MARY (Keith) 'GOING' deeding part of their
400 acres to their two sons.
10 Jun.
1761, JOHN GOING SENR [3] & MARY of Lunenburg Co. to son WILLIAM GOING [4]
of same place, love & affection, 100 acres, Lunenburg Co., part of 400
acres by patent to said GOING SR [3]. On both sides of Great Branch, where said
WILLIAM GOING [4] now lives, adjacent John Ruffin. Signed: JOHN (JG) GOING,
MARY (M) GOING. Witnesses: Richard Brown, SARAH GOING, Susie (x) Hubbard.
Recorded: 7 July 1761. (Lunenburg Co., Virginia Deed Book 6, pp. 378-379)
10 June
1761, JOHN GOING [3] & MARY of Lunenburg Co., to son JOHN GOING JNR [4], of
same place, love & affection, 100 acres, Lunenburg Co., part of 400 acres
by patent to said GOING SR [3] 14 Feb. 1761, both sides Great Branch, where
said JOHN JNR [4] now lives, adjacent Ruffin. [Signatures and witnesses are the
same as above.] (Lunenburg Co., Virginia Deed Book 6)
The
"Great Branch" referred to is the Great Branch of Allen's Creek.
The
above deeds show that both WILLIAM 'GOING' [4] and JOHN 'GOING' JR [4] were
living in their own homes, and probably married.
On 1
December 1761, JOHN [3] and MARY 'GOING' sold the remaining 200 acres of their
patent.
JOHN
GOING [3] to Wm Sandifur, both of Lunenburg Co., 100 pounds, 200 acres,
Lunenburg Co., both sides Long [Great] Branch, adjacent William Hill, WILLIAM
GOING [4], said JOHN GOING [3]. Signed: JOHN (JG) GOING. Witnesses: Thos
Norell, John Farrer, Samuel Young, Benjamin Burton. Recorded: 1 Dec. 1761.
MARY, wife of GOING relinquishes her dower right. (Lunenburg Co., Virginia Deed
Book 7)
On 18
December 1761, JOHN 'GOING' JR [4] sold the 100 acres he had received from his
parents to his brother WILLIAM [4] for 40 pounds. (Lunenburg Co., Virginia Deed
Book 7, p. 48)
On 30
December 1761, WILLIAM 'GOING' [4] sold the 100 acres he had received from his
parents.
WILLIAM
GOING [4] to William Hatsel, both of Lunenburg Co., 40 pounds, 100 acres,
Lunenburg Co., Great Branch of Allen's Creek, adjacent JOHN GOING, new line to
John Ruffin. Signed: WILLIAM (W) GOING. Witnesses: Samuel Young, Wm Roffe,
William Sandefur, Peter Sandefur. Recorded: 2 Feb. 1762. Lunenburg Co. Deed
Book 7. (June Banks Evans, Lunenburg Co., Va., Deed Book 7, 1760-1761, Bryn
Ffyliaid Pubs, NO, La., 1990)
WILLIAM
'GOING' [4] moved to Orange Co., North Carolina by 6 July 1762.
Mecklenburg
Co., Virginia was formed from Lunenburg Co. in 1765.
On 14
March 1768, William Hatsel sold the land he had purchased from WILLIAM 'GOING'
[4].
William
Hatsel of Mecklenburg Co., to Martin Phillips of Mecklenburg Co., for 50
pounds, a certain tract of land in Mecklenburg on both sides of the Long
(Great) Branch that makes out of Allen's Creek, bounded by JOHN GOING [3], new
lines, John Ruffin, about 100 acres. Signed: William Hatsel. Witness: none. The
deed was acknowledged by William Hatsel and Christiana, his wife. Recorded in
Deed Book 1, p. 547. (Mecklenburg Co., Virginia Deeds, 1765-1771, 1990)
The
JOHN 'GOING' mentioned in the above deed was JOHN SR [3], as JOHN JR [4] had
moved to Orange Co., North Carolina by 1765.
End of
Part 1
Below
is an email I sent to the editor of the Appalachian Quarterly. I
wanted
to send a copy to Manual Mira but Ive seemed to have lost his email
address.
Hello
again Patty:
One of
the criticisms one will hear against "malungu" as the origin of
"Melungeon"
is that the hard "g" in "malungu" could not have been
changed to
a soft
"g" in "Melungeon".
Au
contrare.
In
fact, common usage requires it to change if malungu is indeed the origin
of
Melungeon.
The
rule for the hard and soft "g" sounds is as follows:
"In
many languages "G" is hard before A, O, U and soft (usually) before
E,
and I.
For
example: .
Guh-Gary as opposed to Juh-Gerald
giga
from "large" in Greek, becomes "giant" and
"jillion" .
gender,
genius, generous,
logos,
the Greek for "knowledge" becomes "logical" in English.
giga-
(G-) a metric prefix denoting 109 or one billion (in the American
meaning
of the word billion). This prefix was coined from the Greek word
gigas,
meaning giant. The Greeks pronounced the word with a hard g, as in
"gig."
However, the prefix is usually pronounced with a soft g, as in "jig."
Dictionaries
usually list the hard g pronunciation as a second choice.
Also,
the word "jerrymander" comes from the hard G name Gerry.
"SYLLABICATION: ger·ry·man·der
ETYMOLOGY: After Gerry </61/61/G0106100.html>
Elbridge + (sala)manderfrom
the
shape of an election district created while Gerry was governor of
Massachusetts.
WORD HISTORY: “An official statement
of the returns of
voters
for senators give[s] twenty nine friends of peace, and eleven
gerrymanders.”
So reported the May 12, 1813, edition of the Massachusetts
Spy. A
gerrymander sounds like a strange political beast, which it is,
considered
from a historical perspective. This beast was named by combining
the
word salamander, “a small lizardlike amphibian,” with the last name of
Elbridge
Gerry, a former governor of Massachusetts—a state noted for its
varied,
often colorful political fauna. Gerry (whose name, incidentally, was
pronounced
with a hard g, though gerrymander is now commonly pronounced with
a soft
g) was immortalized in this word because an election district created
by
members of his party in 1812 looked like a salamander. According to one
version
of gerrymander's coining, the shape of the district attracted the eye
of the
painter Gilbert Stuart, who noticed it on a map in a newspaper
editor's
office. Stuart decorated the outline of the district with a head,
wings,
and claws and then said to the editor, “That will do for a
salamander!”
“Gerrymander!” came the reply. The word is first recorded in
April
1812 in reference to the creature or its caricature, but it soon came
to mean
not only “the action of shaping a district to gain political
advantage”
but also “any representative elected from such a district by that
method.”
Within the same year gerrymander was also recorded as a verb."
In
addition, There are many other such words which go from hard "g" to
soft
"g"
in English, French and many other languages.
Lan "g" ua "g"es.
Luggage.
Since
in the word "Melungeon" the letter "g" is followed by
"e", it is
following
this rule. Same is true for
"Melungins". Some insist that
it was
originally
pronounced "Melunjuns". But
we don't know that, do we? In the
earliest
recorded use it is spelled "Melungins". See Stoney Creek church
records.
September
26, 1813. Church sat in love. Bro. Kil-gore, Moderator. Then
came
forward Sis. Kitchen and com-plained to the Church against Susanna
Stallard
for saying she harbored "them Melungins". Sis. Sook said she was
hurt
with her for believing her child and not be-lieving her, and she won't
talk to
her to get satisfaction, and both is pigedish [pig-headedish] one
against
the other. Sis. Sook lays it down and
the church forgives her."
This
best evidence is that in the case of
the Kimbundu "malungu" as the
possible
origin for the American "Melungeon", it would follow this customary
rule of
the hard "g" becoming a soft "g" in the English language.
Tim
Hashaw
Houston,
Texas
An
Editorial . . .
From my
great-grandmother down, I have held the hands of seven
generations
of my family. And they have all been
different--
even
unique, and not a clone among them. I
have not had any
difficulty
is getting my cousins to accept them.
They, too,
have
seen and touched them.
This
genetic string will ultimately embrace a probable
total
of 210 years--about the same as the lifespan of the
United
States so far. And my generations are
not unique.
Many of
the Foundation researchers
have
also seen seven, perhaps more, generations of their
family.
I do
have difficulty in introducing my more distant ancestors to my
cousins,
particularly when I suggest that 10 generations
back,
there are Melungeons among them. Their
next question
is,
"What kind of Melungeons?"
Some
are willing to accept Melungeons in the family if they are
French
Huguenots, or Black Dutch, or Spanish Conversos, or
Carthagenians,
or Ottoman Turks, or Black Irish, or the
prisoners
of Sir Frances Drake on Roanoke Island, or the
Portuguese
survivors of Santa Elena, or Croatans, or
Cherokees,
or Catawbas, or Lumbees, or
Choctaws,
or Redbones, or Brass Ankles.
But if
you offer as Melungeons, Tri-racial Isolates,
Portuguese
Angolans, Creoles, Spanish mestizos, Ndongos,
etc, a
line has been drawn in the sand.
A
flurry of regretable wrangling and rancor erupted
last
month
over
the Melungeon series of articles by Editorial
Boardmember
Tim
Hashaw in the Newsletter. Mr. Hashaw is
a dedicated
professional
investigative
reporter who did an intense amount of
research
in the
preparation
of his articles. The Foundation
requested
his
permission
to
carry the series of articles and considers them as
objective
reporting.
The
series was supported by as much or more historical
research
and detailed documenatation as any of the more
than
600 other researchers
who
have contributed compilations to the Foundation
Manuscript
and
the
Newsletter.
Mr.
Hashaw has a string of impressive literary accomp-
lishments
to his credit and does not deserve the kind of
emotional
reaction that his work received.
It has
not been requested that you agree with Mr.
Hashaw's
conclusions
as to
the origin of the Melungeons, only that you give
him the
courtesy
of a
fair hearing.
In the
past 11 years, the thoughts of many writers
regarding
the source of the Melungeons has appeared in
the
Newsletter and have have been well received.
The
Foundation
has been honored by an impressive group of
talented
writers who wrote on the subject including: Dr.
N.
Brent Kennedy, Col. Carroll Heard Goyne, Jack Harold
Goins,
Dr. Virginia
Easley
DeMarce, Prof. John Thornton, Dr. Engel Sluiter,
Prof.
Linda
Heywood,
Johnie Blair Deen, Evelyn McKinley Orr, Louise
Goins
Richardson, Mattie Ruth Johnson, Donna Gowin
Johnston,
Della Ford Nash, Carol Ledford, Harold
Frank
Gowing,
Helen B. Wasson, Prof. Eloy J. Gallegos, Manuel
Mira,
Lewis Shepherd, Adele Logan Alexander, Guy G. Weaver,
Bonnie
Ball, Paul Heinegg, James R. Callahan, Beverly J.
Ellison
Nelson, Jaymie Friedman Frederick, Anna J. Going
Friedman,
Sandra M. Loridans, Dr. Will Moreau Goins,
John
Noble Wilfor, Twanda E. Buckreis, Johnnie Rhea,
Dr.
Charles K. Stallard, Bradley R. Garretson, Ethel
Louise
Goins Dunn, Cleve Weathers, Robert J. Goyen, Dr.
Jerry
Lee Goen, Don C. Marler, Dianne Stark Thurman and
others.
As you
know, not all of the writers above agreed on the
origin
of the
Melungeons,
but the ideas of each were welcome.
It is
interesting to note that the Melungeons are found
in many
branches of the Gowen/etc. family, regardless
of the
spelling of the surname. The Melungeons
appear
to be a
"Genetic Skeleton Key" that
opens
many doors.
Please
be assured that the Newsletter will continue its
even-handed
policy of equal treatment to all of the
various
views
on the
Melungeons. Its columns will always be
open
for all
members to express their views on the subject.
Currently
several DNA studies are being conducted--one
dealing
exclusively with individuals of Melungeon descent.
It is
pre-
dicted
that the gene counts will in time reveal a great deal
more
about the Melungeons. An upcoming
Newsletter article
by Col.
Carroll Heard Goyne who helped to arrange DNA
testing
among the Cypriots will be of interest to all.
Recently
geneticists made headlines when it was determined
that
ten men and seven women were the original progenitors
of the
entire population of Europe today. It
was also
discovered
that all 17 originated in Africa!
Does
that mean that the Caucasians and the Anglo-Saxons
were
the
first
Melungeons? Or that they have not
always been white?
The
"unsubbers" will no longer have the benefit of the
information
and
historical data carried in the columns of the
Newsletter
nor
the
constructive feed-back of its readers.
The
Foundation
is
pleased
to find that apparently no "dues-paying" members
of the
organization
were
included among the "unsubbers."
The handful of
dissenters
who left the fold involved only the subscribers
who
were receiving
the
Newsletter for free.
If
Mihil Gowen, the Portuguese Angolan slave of York
County,
Virginia
Not
everything that counts can be counted, and not everything
that
can be counted counts.
Arlee,
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Gowen, Editor
Gowen
Research Foundation
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